CREATE STREAM

Synopsis

CREATE STREAM stream_name ( { column_name data_type (KEY) } [, ...] )
  WITH ( property_name = expression [, ...] );

Description

Create a new stream with the specified columns and properties.

A ksqlDB STREAM is a stream of facts. Each fact is immutable and unique. A stream can store its data in either KEY or VALUE columns. Both KEY and VALUE columns can be NULL. No special processing is done if two rows have the same key. This situation is handled differently by ksqlDB TABLE, as shown in the following table.

	STREAM	TABLE
Key column type	KEY	PRIMARY KEY
NON NULL key constraint	No	Yes Messages in the Kafka topic with a NULL PRIMARY KEY are ignored.
Unique key constraint	No Messages with the same key as another have no special meaning.	Yes Later messages with the same key replace earlier.
Tombstones	No Messages with NULL values are ignored.	Yes NULL message values are treated as a tombstone Any existing row with a matching key is deleted.

Each column is defined by: * column_name: the name of the column. If unquoted, the name must be a valid SQL identifier and ksqlDB converts it to uppercase. The name can be quoted if case needs to be preserved or if the name is not a valid SQL identifier, for example `mixedCaseId` or `$with@invalid!chars`. * data_type: the SQL type of the column. Columns can be any of the data types supported by ksqlDB. * KEY: columns that are stored in the Kafka message's key should be marked as KEY columns. If a column is not marked as a KEY column, ksqlDB loads it from the Kafka message's value. Unlike a table's PRIMARY KEY, a stream's keys can be NULL.

ksqlDB adds an implicit ROWKEY system column to every stream and table, which represents the corresponding Kafka message key. An implicit ROWTIME pseudo column is also available on every stream and table, which represents the corresponding Kafka message timestamp. The timestamp has milliseconds accuracy, and generally represents the event time of a stream row and the last modified time of a table row.

The WITH clause supports the following properties:

Property	Description
KAFKA_TOPIC (required)	The name of the Kafka topic that backs this source. The topic must either already exist in Kafka, or PARTITIONS must be specified to create the topic. Command will fail if the topic exists with different partition/replica counts.
VALUE_FORMAT (required)	Specifies the serialization format of the message value in the topic. Supported formats: JSON, JSON_SR, DELIMITED (comma-separated value), AVRO, KAFKA, and PROTOBUF. For more information, see Serialization Formats.
PARTITIONS	The number of partitions in the backing topic. This property must be set if creating a STREAM without an existing topic (the command will fail if the topic does not exist).
REPLICAS	The number of replicas in the backing topic. If this property is not set but PARTITIONS is set, then the default Kafka cluster configuration for replicas will be used for creating a new topic.
VALUE_DELIMITER	Used when VALUE_FORMAT='DELIMITED'. Supports single character to be a delimiter, defaults to ','. For space and tab delimited values you must use the special values 'SPACE' or 'TAB', not an actual space or tab character.
KEY	Optimization hint: If the Kafka message key is also present as a field/column in the Kafka message value, you may set this property to associate the corresponding field/column with the implicit ROWKEY column (message key). If set, ksqlDB uses it as an optimization hint to determine if repartitioning can be avoided when performing aggregations and joins. Do not use this hint if the message key format in Kafka is AVRO or JSON. See Key Requirements for more information.
TIMESTAMP	By default, the implicit ROWTIME column is the timestamp of the message in the Kafka topic. The TIMESTAMP property can be used to override ROWTIME with the contents of the specified field/column within the Kafka message value (similar to timestamp extractors in Kafka's Streams API). Timestamps have a millisecond accuracy. Time-based operations, such as windowing, will process a record according to the timestamp in ROWTIME.
TIMESTAMP_FORMAT	Used in conjunction with TIMESTAMP. If not set will assume that the timestamp field is a bigint. If it is set, then the TIMESTAMP field must be of type varchar and have a format that can be parsed with the java DateTimeFormatter. If your timestamp format has characters requiring single quotes, you can escape them with successive single quotes, '', for example: 'yyyy-MM-dd''T''HH:mm:ssX'. For more information on timestamp formats, see DateTimeFormatter.
WRAP_SINGLE_VALUE	Controls how values are deserialized where the value schema contains only a single field. The setting controls how ksqlDB will deserialize the value of the records in the supplied KAFKA_TOPIC that contain only a single field. If set to true, ksqlDB expects the field to have been serialized as a named field within a record. If set to false, ksqlDB expects the field to have been serialized as an anonymous value. If not supplied, the system default, defined by ksql.persistence.wrap.single.values and defaulting to true, is used. Note: null values have special meaning in ksqlDB. Care should be taken when dealing with single-field schemas where the value can be null. For more information, see Single field (un)wrapping. Note: Supplying this property for formats that do not support wrapping, for example DELIMITED, or when the value schema has multiple fields, will result in an error.
WINDOW_TYPE	By default, the topic is assumed to contain non-windowed data. If the data is windowed, i.e., was created using ksqlDB using a query that contains a WINDOW clause, then the WINDOW_TYPE property can be used to provide the window type. Valid values are SESSION, HOPPING, and TUMBLING.
WINDOW_SIZE	By default, the topic is assumed to contain non-windowed data. If the data is windowed, i.e., was created using ksqlDB using a query that contains a WINDOW clause, and the WINDOW_TYPE property is TUMBLING or HOPPING, then the WINDOW_SIZE property should be set. The property is a string with two literals, window size (a number) and window size unit (a time unit). For example: 10 SECONDS.

For more information on timestamp formats, see DateTimeFormatter.

Note

• To use Avro or Protobuf, you must have Schema Registry enabled and ksql.schema.registry.url must be set in the ksqlDB Server configuration file. See Configure ksqlDB for Avro or Protobuf.
• Avro and Protobuf field names are not case sensitive in ksqlDB. This matches the ksqlDB column name behavior.

Example

CREATE STREAM pageviews
  (
    rowkey BIGINT KEY,
    viewtime BIGINT,
    user_id VARCHAR,
    page_id VARCHAR
  )
  WITH (VALUE_FORMAT = 'JSON', KAFKA_TOPIC = 'my-pageviews-topic');

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Last update: 2020-04-24